Teori

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

Adjectives clauses have a subject and a verb (or predicate). They will start with a relative pronoun, like: that, who, whom, whose, or which, or a relative adverb, like why, where, or when. Adjective clauses function as an adjective and modify nouns and pronouns. They are also called relative clauses. 

Just as the other dependent clauses, the adjective clause does not express a complete thought. It does not need commas separating it from the rest of the sentence if it has essential information in it; that is if you need the information it provides. If it gives additional information, then you use commas. A good way to test for this is to leave out the clause, read the sentence, and see if the meaning of the two sentences is different.

Here are some examples of adjective clauses. The adjective clause is underlined.

• Chocolate, which many of us adore, is fattening.
• People who are smart follow the rules.
• I can remember the time when there were no computers.
• Charlie has a friend whose daughter lives in China.
• Wine that is produced in Tuscany is not cheap.

Adjectives

Since adjective clauses act like adjectives, you may want more information about adjectives. Some adjectives express the writer’s opinion of a noun or pronoun, like silly, lovely, awful, and outrageous. These are called opinion adjectives.

Some adjectives are descriptive, telling about the physical characteristics of size, shape, color, or age. Examples include: huge, wee, rectangular, oval, bluish, purple, new, and ancient.

An origin adjective tells where an object originated or where is came from. These are adjectives like: eastern, lunar, Egyptian, or German.

The composition of a noun or pronoun will be described by a material adjective.  Examples are: woolen, plastic, metal, or silk.

Some adjectives tell what purpose an object is used for. These many times end with an “ing.” Some examples include: baking, fishing, testing, or hunting. 

Lastly, some adjectives compare and have levels of comparison. These are words like: “good, better, best”, “dry, drier, driest”, and “beautiful, more beautiful, and most beautiful." Other adjectives compare but only on one level, like: unique, main, impossible, final, and inevitable.  

Complex sentences

Sebuah complex sentence terdiri dari satu independent clause dan sekurangnya satu dependent clause.

Contoh

- Many people believe  that anyone can earn a living.

   ind. clause                           dep. clause

Complex Sentence

A. Pengertian Complex Sentence
Complex sentence is a sentence with an independent clause and at least one dependent clause (subordinating clause). Subordinator such as because, since, after, although, who, when, etc.

For example :
- Nicky and Fitri went to the movies after they finished studying.

Nicky and Fitri went to the movies : Independent clause
after they finished studying : Dependent clause

C. Membuat Complex Sentence

Ada 3 macam kalimat dalam membuat complex sentences yaitu :

1. Complex Sentences with adverb clauses
Adverb clauses disini adalah memberikan informasi tentang time, reason, manner, and so on.

Contoh :
a. Time : the telephone rang when we sat down to eat dinner.
b. Reason : my boyfriend and I went to disco because he wanted to dance.
c. Manner : I followed the instructions exactly as they were written.

Penggunaan Tanda baca pada complex sentence ini tergantung pada clausesnya. Ketika adverb clauses diletakkan diawal kalimat maka clauses dipisahkan dengan diberikannya tanda komma. Namun

apabila adverb clauses diletakkan diakhir kalimat maka tidak dipisahkan (tidak memerlukan tanda baca).

Contoh :
- Because jill was studying for final exams, she didn’t answer her telephone all day.
- Jill didn’t answer her telephone all day because she was studying for final exams.

Pengecualian : untuk while atau whereas harus meenggunakan tanda baca komma.

Contoh :
- One of my roommates studies day and night, whereas the other two like to party.
- My sister is an excellent cook, while I can’t even fry an egg.

2. Complex sentence with Adjective clauses

Adjective clauses : menggambarkan informasi tentang noun or pronoun.

Contoh :
- Students who have an average do not have to take the final exam.
- July 4 is the day when American celebrate their independence from great Britain.

Jangan meletakkan koma sekitar sebuah klausa kata sifat yang diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi anteseden nya.

Contoh :
Students who work more than twelve hours a week should not take more than three classes.

Pasang koma sebelum dan sesudah klausa kata sifat yang itu tidak perlu untuk mengidentifikasi pendahuluan, namun hanya memberikan informasi tambahan tentang hal itu.

Contoh :
Michael, who works twenty hours a week, should not take more than three classes.

3. Complex sentences with Noun clauses

Noun clauses : menjelaskan suatu informasi seperti apa yang seseorang pikirkan atau katakan.
Noun clauses begin with one of these subordinating words: that, whether, if (informal), and question words such as who, which, what, where, when, why, how, how much, how often, how soon, and so on.

Contoh :
- Everyone knows that global warming is a serious problem
- World leaders have been meeting to discuss what action governments should take.

Diposkan oleh Nicky Wulandari